Social Change in Town and Country in Eleventh-Century Byzantium

by: Howard-Johnston, J.

Social Change in Town and Country in Eleventh-Century Byzantium
Edited by James Howard-Johnston
Oxford Studies in Byzantium
Offers the only specific treatment of a key aspect of the structural history of Byzantium in the eleventh century in a scholarly work published in English
Casts new light on the social history of town and country, discarding traditional explanations for Byzantium's sharp decline in the second half of the eleventh century
Synthesizes the latest archaeological findings from Asia Minor as a whole and from a specific area around Sagalassos in south-western Turkey, as well as from Greece and southern Italy
Includes the first detailed analysis of the changes brought about in Taron after its annexation by Byzantium in a valuable case study which provides a useful basis for further generalized conclusions

Description
The history of Byzantium pivots around the eleventh century, during which it reached its apogee in terms of power, prestige, and territorial extension, only then to plunge into steep political decline following serious military defeats and extensive territorial losses. The political, economic, and intellectual history of the period is reasonably well understood, but not so what was happening in that crucial intermediary sphere, the social order, which both shaped and was shaped by contemporary ideas and brute economic developments.

This volume aims to deepen understanding of Byzantine society by examining material evidence for settlements and production in different regions and by sifting through the far from plentiful literary and documentary sources in order to track what was happening in town and country. There is evidence of significant change: the pattern of landownership continued to shift in favour of those with power and wealth, but there was sustained and effective resistance from peasant villages. Provincial towns prospered in what was an era of sustained economic growth, and, through newly emboldened local elites, took a more active part in public affairs. In the capital the middling classes, comprising much of officialdom and leading traders, gained in importance, while the twin military and civilian elites were merging to form a single governing class. However, despite this social upheaval, careful analysis of these various factors by a range of leading Byzantine historians and archaeologists leads to the overarching conclusion that it was not so much internal structural changes which contributed to the vertiginous decline suffered by Byzantium in the late eleventh century, as the unprecedented combination of dangerous adversaries on different fronts, in the east, north, and west.

Table of Contents
Introduction, James Howard-Johnston
1:Transformations in Byzantine Society in the Eleventh Century, Particularly in Constantinople, Jean-Claude Cheynet
2:The Social Views of Michael Attaleiates, Dimitris Krallis
3:Social Change in the Countryside of Eleventh-Century Byzantium, Kostis Smyrlis
4:Before and After the Eleventh Century AD in the Territory of Sagalassos: Settlement Evolution, Eva Kaptijn and Marc Waelkens
5:What Went Wrong? Decline and Ruralization in Eleventh-Century Anatolia: The Archaeological Record, Philipp Niewöhner
6:Greece in the Eleventh Century, Pamela Armstrong
7:New Light on the Society of Byzantine Italy, Ghislaine Noyé
8:Social Change in Eleventh-Century Armenia: The Evidence from Tarōn, Tim Greenwood
9:Byzantium in the Eleventh Century: General Reflections, James Howard-Johnston

Social Change in Town and Country in Eleventh-Century Byzantium

by: Howard-Johnston, J.

• ISBN-13: 9780198841616 / 978-0-19-884161-6
• ISBN-03: 0198841612 / 0-19-884161-2
• Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020