Greek Endowments in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods

by: Aneziri, S.

Price: 99,90 EURO

1 copy in stock

Sophia Aneziri
Greek Endowments in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods

Endowments (or foundations) are a widespread phenomenon in antiquity. The present work assembles all known ancient Greek endowments from the Classical and Hellenistic periods, presenting the texts in Greek and in translation. The main aim of the volume is to discuss endowments in their political, social, economic, cultural and religious contexts, thus contributing to our understanding of society and economy of these periods. Endowments were donations or bequests of property whose income was intended to fund specific purposes defined by the donors. The donated property was to be preserved intact, in order to guarantee that the intentions of the sponsor would be served in perpetuity. The recipients of the endowments were usually civic communities, sanctuaries or associations.
The book discusses important aspects on the vocabulary and terminology of the endowments, their legal, economic and administrative characteristics, the identity of the donors (Hellenistic kings or private individuals), and the various purposes served by them. This analysis shows that the endowments fall within the broad phenomenon of euergetism that offered benefits to both the endowers and the recipients.

ABBREVIATIONS 9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 15 INTRODUCTION 17 PART I CHAPTER 1 REDEFINING THE ENDOWMENTS 21 1 1 The research to date 21 1 2 The evidence 23 1 3 Questions and methodological approach 25 1 4 Problems of terminology 26 1 5 Clarifying the components of a hybrid structure 29 1 5 1 Legal characteristics 29 1 5 2 Administrative framework 35 1 5 3 Financial characteristics 36 CHAPTER 2 SETTING UP AN ENDOWMENT: PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATION 41 2 1 The recipient and administrator 42 2 2 Administration of the endowments 47 2 2 1 Administration in the framework of a civic or sacred community 48 2 2 1 1 Application of laws 48 2 2 1 2 Role of the council 49 2 2 1 3 City magistrates and public banks 50 2 2 1 4 Special magistrates 52 2 2 2 Administration in the framework of an association 55 2 3 Protecting endowments 58 2 3 1 The risks 58 2 3 2 Protection mechanisms 62 2 3 2 1 Cancellation – Penalties – Fines 63 2 3 2 2 Legal tools for the collection of debts and fines 65 2 3 2 3 Specific clauses concerning magistrates who violate the rules 67 2 3 2 4 Divine protection 70
CHAPTER 3 RUNNING AN ENDOWMENT: FINANCIAL ASPECTS 73 3 1 Nature and size of the gifts – forms and practices of investment 73 3 1 1 Land or money? 77 3 1 2 Which currency? 81 3 1 3 Interest rates 85 3 2 Overt and hidden benefits 86 3 2 1 The endowment of Kritolaos (cat no 27) 89 3 2 2 The endowment of Aristomenes and Psylla (cat no 26) 93 3 2 3 The endowment of Attalos ΙΙ (cat. no. 22a+b) 94 3 3 To give or not to give? Postponing or avoiding? 96 CHAPTER 4 WHY ENDOWMENTS? THE SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTEXT 101 4 1 Who: profile and status of the endowers 101 4 2 Endowments by women 107 4 3 For what purpose? 108 4 3 1 Self-related endowments 109 4 3 2 Endowments in the public interest 111 4 4 Cui bono? 115 4 4 1 The community 116 4 4 2 The individual 121 CHAPTER 5 THE ROYAL ENDOWMENTS 127 5 1 Outside the kingdom 127 5 1 1 Achaian League – Εumenes II (cat. no. 3) 127 5 1 2 Thespiai – Philetairos / Ptolemy IV (cat nos 14, 18) 129 5 1 3 Delphi – Eumenes II / Attalos II (cat nos 21a+b, 22a+b) 131 5 1 4 Delos – Ptolemies/Antigonids/Attalids (cat nos 34–47) 133 5 1 5 Rhodes – Eumenes II (cat no 66) 137 5 1 6 Chios – Attalos I or II (cat no 67a+b) 139 5 1 7 Miletos – Antiochos, son of Seleukos I / Eumenes II (cat nos 81, 83) 140 5 1 8 Kyzikos – Philetairos (cat no 89a+b) 141 5 2 Inside the kingdom 142
5 2 1 Pergamon – Attalos I (cat no 90) 142 5 2 2 Baitokaike – Antiochos (cat no 98) 143 5 2 3 Kommagene – Αntiochos I (cat nos 99, 100) 144 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 147 APPENDIX Ι ERRONEOUSLY CLASSIFIED CASES – FALSA 157 I 1 Testaments of philosophers 157 I 1 a Testament of Theophrastos 157 I 1 b Testament of LykonI 1 b Testament of Lykon 158 I 1 c Testament of Epikouros 158 I 2 Dedication of income to pay for sacrifices to Ptolemy ΙΙΙ, Berenike ΙΙ and the Dioskouroi 161 Ι.3. Funding for the birthday of Eumenes II 162 Ι.4. Funding of sacrifices and oil for soldiers in Thera by Ptolemy VI 165 I 5 Sulla?s grant of land to the sanctuary of Amphiaraos at Oropos 167 ΑPPENDIX II THE LIMITATIONS OF THE SOURCES: UNCERTAINTIES AND PROBABILITIES 169 II.1. Τhe financial support of offices by their holders 170 II 2 Dedications of land 172 II 2 1 The horoi of sacred land 173 II 2 2 Ambiguous wordings in leases of sacred land at Thespiai 178 TABLES 181 Table 1 The endowers 181 Table 2 Recipients/administrators of endowments 184 Table 3 Nature and size of the endowments 187 Table 4 Purposes of the endowments 190 Table 5 Endowments in chronological order 191 GRAPHS 195
PART II CATALOGUE OF EPIGRAPHIC AND LITERARY SOURCES 201 Ι. ΑΤΤΙKΑ 209 II PELOPONNESE AND ARGOSARONIC ISLANDS 216 III BOIOTIA – MEGARIS 233 IV PHOKIS 251 V LOKRIS 265 VI THESSALY 267 VII IONIAN ISLANDS 271 VΙΙΙ. AEGEAN ISLANDS 278 VIII 1 Kyklades (except Delos) 278 VIII 2 Delos 310 VIII 3 Southern Sporades 351 VIII 4 Eastern Aegean Islands 369 IX EUBOIA 378 X ASIA MINOR 384 X 1 Aiolis 384 X 2 Karia 389 X 3 Ionia 405 X 4 Lykia 423 X 5 Mysia 436 X 6 Phrygia 443 X 7 Troas 445 XI EUXEINOS PONTOS 451 XII SYRIA 455 XIII KOMMAGENE 458 XIV EGYPT 465 DUBIA 471 BIBLIOGRAPHY 483 INDICES 517 I Name index 517 II Selected topics 527 III Important Greek words 542 IV Source index 549 CONCORDANCES 555

Greek Endowments in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods

by: Aneziri, S.

• ISBN-13: 9783515139168 / 978-3-515-13916-8
• ISBN-03: 3515139168 / 3-515-13916-8
• Franz Steiner, Stuttgart, 2025

Price: 99,90 EURO

1 copy in stock